A leaf mural is a creative activity that supports creative development and teaches children in child day care centers about seasons. Begin by introducing the children to the concepts of autumn/fall. Read age appropriate board books and picture books that feature the season fall. Take the children on a nature walk. Discuss the signs and symbols of autumn. Let the children collect fall items like leaves, acorns and pine cones. Discuss the colors, textures, smells.  Bring them back to the class and sort all of the items. You may save these items for other fall crafts.

Fall Mural Materials

• Large and small leaf patterns (several for each child)
• Construction paper
• A variety of tempura paint in fall colors (gold, brown, orange, and red)  in shallow dishes
• Painting sponges
• Coarse salt
• Bulletin board letters which spell “It’s Autumn” Or “Welcome to Fall”
• Bulletin board

Activity Preparation

• Cut out leaf patterns
• Cover the craft table in butcher paper
• Distribute leaf cutouts and stamps
• Put paint in shallow dishes
• Add salt to the paint and mix well

Activity Procedures
Invite the children over to the craft table.  Let them know they will be creating a leaf mural. Demonstrate how to dip the sponges in the paint and sponge paint the leaves. Let the sponge paint their leaf cutouts. Arrange the leaves randomly on the bulletin board. Add the bulletin board title of your choice.

Autumn Leaf Mural Lesson Objectives

Objective 1
To provide the opportunity for expressive activities through by allowing children to create designs on leaves using a sponge.
Verbal Cue A: Today we are going to color the leaves!
Verbal Cue B: I have lots of colors for you to use the leaves to make a design.

Objective 2
To encourage spontaneity in material usage by allowing the children to choose colors and to mix the colors they choose
Verbal Cue A: Which colors would you like to use first?
Verbal Cue B: I like the way you have chosen your colors!

Objective 3
To introduce textured materials by adding coarse salt to the paint to be used by the children.
Verbal Cue A: Would you like to add salt to the paint?
Verbal Cue B: Let’s see what it looks and feels like after we add salt to the paint.

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Children in your daycare center can learn gross motor skills by practicing and by participating in activities which involves hopping, jumping, and climbing. Activities that involve tossing, catching and kicking objects are also great examples of activities that promote the development of gross physical motor skills.

Activity Materials List

• One large turkey cut out
• One large piece of sturdy cardboard or poster board
• Glue or tape
• Scissors
• Crafting knife
• Small beanbags

Activity Preparation

Purchase a large piece turkey cutout. You can also create one out of construction paper. Draw, color, decorate and cut out turkey. Tape or glue the turkey to a large piece of poster board.  Next cut a hole through the mouth of the turkey cutout and the poster board large enough for the beanbags to pass through.  Place small beanbags for tossing in a box or other open container. Lean the turkey against a wall.

Activity Procedures

Invite the children over to the area. Explain to them that you are going to feed the turkey. Demonstrate for the children how to toss and kick the beanbags into the turkey’s mouth. Let the children take turns feeding the turkey by tossing or kicking the bean bags into the turkey’s mouth.

Gross Motor Learning Objectives

Objective 1: To provide the opportunity for projectile management through tossing the bean bags into the goal (the turkey’s mouth)

• Verbal Cue A: Let’s toss the beanbag toward the turkey!
• Verbal Cue B: Can you throw the beanbag into the turkey’s mouth?

Objective 2: To develop spatial relationships using the prepositions forward and backward, inside, outside, and straight ahead in verbal cues.

• Verbal Cue A: Kick the beanbag straight ahead into the turkey’s mouth.
• Verbal Cue B: Can you toss the beanbag forward?

Objective 3: To provide the opportunity for projectile management through kicking objects into the goal (turkey’s mouth)

• Verbal Cue A: Can you try to kick the beanbag in the turkey’s mouth?
• Verbal Cue B: Let’s kick the beanbag toward the turkey?

This “Feed the Turkey” activity will help enhance young childrens’ gross motor skills by tossing and kicking as well as develop spatial relationships. It will also support Thanksgiving curriculum and lesson plans. Do not keep score or enforce rules that promote competition as this is not a competitive activity.

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Preschool teachers and daycare providers have the opportunity to promote creative development by providing art activities that explore an array of media and materials. Creative art activities should also encourage imagination.

This Halloween Cookie Cutter Art lesson plan includes the materials list, preparation instructions and procedures for this activity. Also included are age appropriate learning objectives and an example of the simple supporting verbal cues required to encourage participation and support learning in a child day care center.

Halloween Cookie Cutter Art Materials List

• Cookie cutters in a variety of Halloween shapes
• Construction paper (one for each child)
• Tempura Paint (in a variety of colors)
• Shallow containers (i.e. pie tins)
• Glitter
• Butcher Paper

Activity Preparation

• Cover a craft table with butcher paper
• Gather all the materials
• Pour tempura paint into pie tins
• Place all materials on the table

Procedure for Activity

1. Invite the children over and tell them that you will be making Halloween pictures on construction paper using cookie cutters dipped in paint.
2. Show the children how to dip cookie cutters into the paint.
3. Press the cookie cutter on the construction paper to create a design.
4. Encourage children to make their own designs on their construction paper.
5. Add glitter to the paints.
6. Continue stamping until the design is complete.

Halloween Cookie Cutter Design Objectives

Objective 1

To provide the opportunity for expressive activities through cookie cutter art by having the children create designs using cookie cutters.

• Verbal Cue A: Today we are going to create Halloween designs using cookie cutters!
• Verbal Cue B: I have lots of colors for you to use to make a design.

Objective 2

To encourage spontaneity in material usage by allowing the children to choose their desired colors and to mix the colors they choose

• Verbal Cue A: Which color would you like choose first?
• Verbal Cue B: I like the way you are mixing your colors!

Objective 3

To introduce textured materials by adding glitter to the paint in which the children will dip their cookie cutters.

• Verbal Cue A: Let’s add glitter to the paint.
• Verbal Cue B: Let’s see what it feels like after we add glitter to the paint and the paint dries.

Halloween Cookie Cutter activity adapted from “Cookie Cutter Prints” on the Preschooleducation.com website.
*Reference: Creative Activities for Young Children by Mary Mayesky [Delmar Cenage Learning, 2001]

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Cognitive Development in Preschoolers

Cognitive development focuses on developing functions of the brain such as thinking, learning, awareness, judgment, and processing information. According to developmental psychologist Jean Piaget, children go through several stages of cognitive development and learning activities for toddlers and children should correspond to the appropriate developmental stage.

Pumpkin sorting is a cognitive activity for preschoolers that helps them learn and practice the skills of classification, relationships, and counting. This lesson plan includes preparation instructions, procedures, and materials list for this activity. The lesson plan also includes age-appropriate learning objectives and examples of the simple supporting verbal cues necessary to encourage participation and support learning in child care centers.

Activity Materials

• Large Felt Board
• Orange Felt
• Pumpkin templates (optional)
• Scissors

Activity Preparation

Trace pumpkins in various sizes (some large and some small) on a large piece of orange felt. You may also use pumpkin templates to trace the pumpkins on the felt. Cut the pumpkins out the felt. Arrange them randomly on a large felt board.

Procedure

Invite the children over to the felt board. Explain to them that they will be sorting pumpkins and arranging them biggest to smallest. Encourage the children to place the pumpkin cut outs in graduated order from biggest to smallest. After they are arranged encourage the children to sort into two categories, placing big pumpkins on one side of the board and small pumpkins on the other. Next ask them to count the number of pumpkins in each group.

Objective 1: To develop an understanding of classification by encourage children to sort pumpkins by size

• Verbal Cue A: Can you sort the pumpkins into big and small?
• Verbal Cue B: Let’s put the big large pumpkins on this side of the board and the small pumpkins on the other side.

Objective 2: To teach about relationships using the terms small, big, and bigger

• Verbal cue A: Let’s arrange all of the pumpkins in order from big to small.
• Verbal Cue B: Which pumpkin is bigger? This pumpkin or this pumpkin?

Objective 3: To introduce the number concept of 1-10

• Verbal Cue A: Let’s count the number of small pumpkins
• Verbal Cue B: How many large pumpkins are there?

By participating in this pumpkin sorting activity, young children will learn important cognitive skills such as sorting and classification, spend time becoming familiar with the symbols of autumn, and have great fun.

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Reading List

Autumn Board Books and Picture Books (Baby – Age 3)

Dappled Apples by Jan Carr and Dorothy Donohue [Holiday House, 2001]

Leaf Baby: Baby Seasons Board Books by Mary Bridgid Barrett and Eve Chwast [Red Wagon Books, 1998]

Autumn by Gerda Muller [Floris Books, 1994]

Fall: Seasons Board Books by Chris L. Demarest [Red Wagon Books, 1996]

5 Little Pumpkins by Michael Scott [Hyperion Books, 2003]

One Fall Day by Molly Bang [Greenwillow books, 1994]

Pumpkin Baby by Jane Yollen and Susan Mitchell [Key Porter Books, 2009]

Acorns Everywhere by Kevin Sherry [Dial, 2009]

Early Readers Ages 4-8

Clifford’s First Autumn by Norman Bridwell [Cartwheel, 1997]

Why Do Leaves Change Color? By Betsy Maestro and Loretta Krupinski [Collins, 1994]

In November by Cynthia Rylant and Jill Kastner [Sandpiper, 2008]

Corn is Maize by Aliki [Collins, 1986]

We Gather Together by Wendy Pfeiffer and Linda Beck [Dutton Juvenile, 2006]

Autumn An Alphabet Acrostic by Steven Schnur and  Leslie Evans [Clarion Books, 1997]

When Autumn Comes by Robert Mass [Henry Holt & co., 1992]

Red Leaf, Yellow Leaf by Lois Elhert [Harcourt Children’s Books, 1991]

Fall (Four Seasons Series) by Nuria Roca [Barron’s Educational Series, 2004]

Arthur Jumps into Fall by Marc Brown [LB Kids, 2006]

Fall is Here by Elaine W. Good [Good Books, 1969]

Leaves by David Ezra Stein [Putnam Juvenile, 2007]

Pumpkin Soup by Helen Cooper [Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005]

Every Autumn Comes the Bear by Jim Arnosky [Putnam, 1996]

Free Autumn Preschool Worksheets and Printables
There are many worksheets for fall that you can print out and use for your lesson plans. Worksheets should include coloring pages, handwriting worksheets like those on First-Preschool’s website, and printable craft patterns. For older children, try DLTK’s autumn worksheets which are appropriate for school aged children.

The following websites provide free fall printables:
First- Preschool: Autumn Coloring Pages
DLTK:  Autumn activities for Kids
KidZone: Autumn Themed Resources
PrintActivities.com: Fall Activities
Apples for the Teacher: Autumn Coloring Book Pages

Autumn symbols and themes include leaves, pumpkins, corn, scarecrows, apples, wheat, harvest, cornucopia, sunflowers, trees, acorns, pinecones, and wreaths. Building lesson plans around these symbols help teach young children in daycare centers about autumn, fall, harvesting, and thanksgiving.

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Daycare providers can create a Thanksgiving lesson plan filled with fun, educational activities.  First provide children with a brief summary of the meaning of Thanksgiving.  It is appropriate to discuss the story of Thanksgiving and the spirit of thankfulness, along with the symbols associated with Thanksgiving with the children in your licensed home daycare.  The traditional Thanksgiving symbols include turkeys, pilgrims, Indian corn, autumn leaves, and cornucopia. Your Thanksgiving lesson plan should include activities in a variety of areas of development.

Thanksgiving Craft for Preschoolers

Salad Spinner Turkeys
Materials:
Paper plates
Salad spinner
Brown Water based paint
Yellow water based paint
Orange water based paint
Light brown construction paper
Pipe cleaners in orange yellow and red

Instructions:
Place a paper plate inside of the salad spinner. Drop teaspoons of different colored paint inside the salad spinner. Replace the salad spinner lid and turn the handle of the spinner to create a pattern on the paper plate. Let the paper plate dry completely.  This will be the turkey’s “feathers”. Cut out the body of a turkey from brown construction paper. Using pipe cleaners, create a beak, waddle, and legs for the turkey. Attach the turkey’s body to the paper plate.

Thanksgiving Cognitive Activity for Preschoolers

Thanksgiving Matching Game
Cut out pairs of items from felt that symbolize Thanksgiving. This can be turkeys, corn, pilgrims, fruits and vegetables (harvest), pumpkins, ducks, autumn leaves or anything that represents Thanksgiving.   Place them randomly on a felt board, and then let children match the pairs of Thanksgiving items on the felt board.

Thanksgiving Circle Time Activity

Old Tom Turkey Flannel Board Activity*
Materials: Flannel board, Felt turkey, felt duck, felt hill

Flannel Board Story:

“Old Tom Turkey lived on a hill,
–gobble, gobble, gobble.
If he’s not gone, he lives there still,
–gobble, gobble, gobble.
A duck came by and said hello,
–quack, quack, quack
–gobble, gobble, gobble.
Goodbye now, friend, it’s time to go.
–quack, quack, quack
–gobble, gobble, gobble”.

Thanksgiving Cooking Activity for Preschoolers

Turkey Pin Wheels
Ingredients:
Whole wheat tortillas
Cream cheese
Turkey slices
Cucumber
Shredded carrots

Let the children spread whole wheat tortilla with cream cheese and add turkey slices, shredded carrots, and cucumber. Next, roll the tortilla using stick toothpicks to hold the roll in place if necessary. Using a knife, cut the roll into 1-inch slices.  Arrange on a platter and serve.

*Old Tom Turkey Flannel Board story Adapted from Providers N Friends

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Hanging Halloween Spiders

You will need: black tempera paint, medium Styrofoam balls, wide black pipe cleaners, plastic wiggly eyes, a needle, fishing line, and tape.

Directions: Paint Styrofoam balls with black paint. Let dry completely. Next cut the pipe cleaners in half and stick four pipe cleaners in each side of the Styrofoam balls. Then, glue two eyes on each spider. Thread needles with fishing line and spring fishing line through each spider. Then Hang spiders by the string by taping them to the ceiling.

Halloween Cognitive Activity

Bat Sorting

Bat sorting teaches young children both classification and counting. For this activity you will need to cut both large and small bats out of black construction paper. You can use a template or draw them freehand. You will also need two containers. Ask the children to sort bats the bats into large and small placing the small bats in one container and large bats in another. Next ask the children to count the total number of small bats and the total number of large bats. Ask them which number is larger.

Halloween Cooking Activity

Pumpkin Milkshakes

As a special holiday treat, try Pumpkin Milkshakes. In a blender, blend ¼ pint of vanilla ice cream, ¼ cup of milk, 1.5 teaspoons of vanilla extract, and 4 tablespoons of fresh pumpkin pureed. Pour into frosty glasses and top with fresh whipped cream and a dash of nutmeg or cinnamon. Children will have fun pouring ingredients into the blender and scooping whipped cream. You can also make your own fresh pumpkin puree with the children.

Halloween Circle Time Activity

5 Little Pumpkins Finger Play (similar to 5 Little Monkeys)

“Five little pumpkins sitting on a gate;

The first one said, ‘Oh my it’s getting late.’

The second one said, ‘There are witches in the air.’

The third one said, ‘But I don’t care.’

The fourth one said, ‘I’m ready for some fun!’

The fifth one said, ‘Let’s run and run and run.’

‘Wooooooo’ went the wind,

And out went the lights.

And the five little pumpkins rolled out of sight.”

Halloween Books for Preschoolers

Consider adding the following books to your child care resource center and reading them during your Halloween unit.

Halloween Treats:  A Touch-and-Feel Book by Tom Arma [Grosset and Dunlap, 2000]

Candy Corn by Kelly Asbury [Price Stern Sloan, 2001]

What is Halloween by Michelle Medlock Adams and Amy Wummer [Candy Cane Press, 2007]

Baby Strawberry’s First Halloween by SI Artists [Grosset and Dunlap, 2007]

It’s Halloween, Dear Dragon by Margaret Hillard [Modern Curriculum Press, 1980]

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Different types of play support many different types of development:

• Singing, with movement develops memory and language, social participation and imitation, rhythm, rhyme and body awareness
• Undirected playing encourages social skills, such as cooperation, taking turns and following instructions
• Hands on letter play builds pre-writing skill. The teacher shows children how to make letters with dough, wood pieces, or magnetic stamps. They learn letters (and numbers) in multi-sensory active play.
• Coloring and drawing with small crayons help children develop a good pencil grip and developmentally appropriate pages make for easy coloring and drawing. Building structures and simple shapes with wood pieces leads naturally to drawing success.

At its core, play is a physical, kinetic activity. Sitting at a table playing a literacy game, for example, can be a great opportunity to build fine motor skills. A teacher could give a child of preschooler age plastic tweezers and cover a table with paper-cut out letters and ask the students to pick out all of the B’s, or the letters in their name. Not only are her students building their letter identification, they are practicing the skills essential for later writing development.

Gross motor play, including outside time, is full of pretend play and physical activity. This type of play is often easiest for an adult to enter without disrupting the flow of the activity. Adults should observe for a few moments before entering the game, and then ask, “What are we playing?” A simple verbal cue can set the stage for the pretend story at hand. Very quickly, she will find herself running, laughing, and enjoying as much physical development as her young playmates.

In pretend play, children use their imaginations and generate different ideas and images. This helps them to learn to think of different ways to solve a problem, either in a creativity task or in daily life. Children who have good pretend play ability can think of more things to do in a situation (like being at the doctor). This ability is usually independent of intelligence. Pretend play also relates to ability to understand the emotions of others and to take the perspective of the other. This is probably because children take many different roles when they play. For example, they pretend to be the mother, baby, boy, girl, teacher, dentist, etc.

Do not discount the importance of learning through play. Play allows children to learn through their natural curiosity about the world at large. Daycare providers should take advantage of the opportunity to facilitate this type of learning by offering play activities that foster creativity, imagination, and problem-solving skills like negotiation.

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One way in which children express their individuality is through their creativity. If you notice, children as young as three have been using their creativity to show their identities. As a result of this, they have their own preferences when it comes to art activities that they like. As a day care center director or owner, you need to make sure that children are free to choose which art activities they would prefer doing. It is highly important that you allow the children to have a wide selection of the things which they can do. This is why you should not just limit the activities which they can do.

The first thing you have to do is to set up a “creativity area” for the children in your day care. It is important that children are able to recognize that art is as equally important as the other day care activities you have. Have tables, chairs a couple of art materials for the children. Make this area look as fun as possible so that children will get the ambiance of fun as they stay in here. There are a couple of craft stores and even book stores which offer to sell a lot of activities suited for the children. Make sure to read and carefully select the activities which you are picking out for them.

The basic art materials which you should readily buy are papers, pencils, colored pencils, crayons, markers, coloring books and water color. These are the things which children first learn how to use. By having these things, the children will have a head start when it comes to art activities. They will be able to draw and color which they will surely enjoy.

Besides from the basic things, you might want to add a little activities which they can engage in. There are so many do-it-your own activities and kits which you can teach the children every time you do art works. You can have fun with beads, yarn, chalk, glitter, scrap cloth and everything else. Some activities which may interest the children include sculpting from clay, making paper dolls, pinwheels and even cards. These things do not have to b e expensive, there are so many cheap art materials which you can buy, all you have to do is to look for suppliers. You will have fun in class without having to spend so much on these.

Always be ready when things get a little messy. Some activities involving water, glue, glitters na cutting paper can really be messy. You need to make sure that you keep the area as clean as possible after. You may even have a cleaning time after you so your art works with your child. This will not only teach them how to be creative but also teach them that their trash is their responsibility. They should throw their trash in the proper places afterwards.

A way that will promote creativity on the part of the child is by having an awarding after you do your artwork. Have your class vote for the top 5 best artworks for that activity and have a prize ready for the children who are chosen. This is why you need to make the activities as diverse as possible so that each children will be chosen as one of the best. This will increase their confidence level. They will have an idea on which activities they are good at. As early as now, they will be able to distinguish which activities they like and do not like as well as where their strengths and weaknesses.

Have their artworks posted or brought home so that they will have a collection of the things they have made in school. Children always love to be proud of the things which they are good especially of their achievements in school. This will be good for the children since they also need to feel that other people are proud of them of the things which they have done.

Through artworks, children can really maximize their development. They will learn all about their individuality, creativity and maximum potential. This is why it is important to make art as important as learning how to read and write. Children do not only learn through academics. Have them learn about these things which are very beneficial for the children. Make this a regular activity for them, you will see how this can be helpful for the holistic development of the child. As a day care center, it is important that you develop each and every aspect of a child’s development. So make sure that you set time for art, and you will truly maximize the potential of the children in your day care.

See: How to start a daycare business

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Effective preschool teachers and child care providers:

Are aware when they need to give more specific instructions to their students or when they are already capable enough to learn on their own

Promote participation of their students in classroom activities and discussions

Have open ears and hearts for the ideas and opinions of their students

Help their students expand their vocabulary by widening their knowledge

Are aware when to let their children explore and discover things by themselves, and when to supervise them more closely

Provide their students with activities that are challenging and purposeful

Promote teamwork among their students and help them in reconcile their differences

Teach their students to give importance to each others’ personal things, and even the time and effort they give to the class

Encourage free speech among the children in their class, and between the children and the adults around them

Can keep peace and harmony in the classroom, and teach children how to follow rules without impeding the learning process

Run the class in a manner that strengthens the teacher-student relationship and ensures that the time spent in the classroom is maximized

Developing Listening and Speaking Skills

In the past, children are not allowed to speak their minds or share their feelings. Now, most parents and teachers know that this is one belief that should be disregarded. Studies show that the development of a child’s reading and writing proficiency is greatly influenced by their ability to express their selves as well as their listening skills. Thus, it is vital for young children to be able to:

1.Maintain their focus and listen closely, whether it may be for their enjoyment or for absorbing information
2.Utilize spoken language for different functions
3.Perform simple instructions and provide them as well
4.Make simple queries and create their own response
5.Speak with proper volume and pace
6.Take part in discussions while maintaining courtesy and respect for the teacher and other students, and being able to stick to the topic
7.Express themselves verbally and non-verbally

On the other hand, preschool teachers should be able to:

Detect opportunities to ask open-ended questions and encourage their students to expound on their answers

Impart new vocabularies to their students which can be of relevance and use to them

Effectively answer questions and allow their students to initiate conversations

Help their students develop their speech and ability to interact

Below are pointers and suggestions for enhancing the listening and communication skills of young children:

Speak to your children as much as you can within the day

During story time, encourage children to give their views about the story itself or the characters in it, get them to guess the outcome of the story, or relate it to their everyday life

Engage children in games and activities that will enhance their listening skills and speech

Take advantage of everyday routines that can teach children to follow directions or give simple instructions on their own

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